Waterloo Sunset/Muswell Hilbillies- The Roma in Victorian Art
For my final post, I decided to get a little more personal (and a lot less dirty).
My mother’s heritage is Roma, which is what mainstream people refer to as “Gypsy”. I have become interested in the portrayal of the Gypsy people in Victorian Literature, who mostly act as a kind of romantic culture place-point for a non-Victorian land, as in the opening chapters of “Dracula”.
As partly an English Roma, known as a Romnichel, I’ve become annoyed with the romantic depiction and have long since grown distaste for any renderings of my people as jewelry wearing people with too much cloth for dress and too little taste.
Also annoying are people who claim to be Gypsy-ish. People like this. She claims to have the “heart of a Gypsy”, after reading some of her posts, I say she has the brain of a rube.
According to dictionary definitions, the phrase must now be used to describe overly-flamboyant nomadic people regardless of ethnic origin. However, when I think of people who claim to be Gypsies simply because they move around a lot, this comes to mind:
The Roma are a people originating in Northern India, who were forced to other parts of the world. They were named “Gypsies” by the English because they were mistakenly believed to be from Egypt. Since their introduction as such to society, they have been widely maligned and slighted as a people, and to this day remain major scapegoats of society.
I intended to complain further about the treatment of the Gypsies in the Victorian era and their treatment in art as well as literature, but as I tried to find paintings as a argument of mistreatment, I instead found a kind of humble reverence in their depictions:
George Cole – The Gypsy Encampment (1852)
William Shayer- Gypsies (1855)
For more info on the Romani:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_people
http://www.btinternet.com/~radical/thefolkmag/gypsies.htm
http://www.utexas.edu/features/archive/2003/romani.html
And the painting were provided by a good Victorian Painting blog:
And call me sentimental, but here’s something that has nothing to do with anything, so just consider it a parting gift or a goodbye. : )
Too Much On My Mind- (MAKE UP Blog Assignment 9)
The notion of subversion in fantasy literature is something that I’ve always been interested in. The idea that writers are able to say things by clothing it in fantastical genre or narrative and get away with it, when a writer with no other aim than to simply tell the truth isn’t able to approach such taboos. In the Victorian era, where scores of landmark fantasy fiction tales were written, it would seem like the best era in which to test the notion of dealing with societal taboos by smuggling it through fantasy.
In order to explore some of these examples in the Victorian era, I first have to decide which works stand above others as exemplary. It seems easier to look at the work of H.G. Wells, such as “War of the Worlds” and “The Time Machine” and draw conclusions, but I feel that these works are implicitly cultural comment conscious. They also have nothing truly at stake in terms of cultural taboos. Instead, I want to find works that are of pure imagination and fantasy yet also touch on darker themes that would have likely disturbed Victorian audiences. Horror fiction, such as Bram Stoker’s “Dracula” and Robert Louis Stevenson’s “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” seem like good starting points because they both deal with cultural issues of the time of the “other”, and the fears skirting the issue.
Most deal with the idea of being against the notion of English civility and an outsider, which Mr. Hyde and Dracula clearly are. However, Mr. Hyde is closer to the fears of the Victorian people, in that he himself was a gentleman scientist who became a monster, therefore he likely presents a fear that it is possible for a member of civilized English society to resort to such monstrous attributes.
Also, I can deal with the sexualized overtones of “Dracula”, I can relate it to the society and their own fears and thoughts about the stereotypical repressed sexuality of the era. The fear of being promiscuous or a sexual being as opposed to being proper, especially when concerning Mina Harker. This isn’t quite implicit, but by using the Vampire lore, it is easy for Stoker to deal with these concerns.
Many of these characters in Victorian era fantasy fiction are also depicted in Alan Moore’s comic book series “The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen”, and as Alan Moore himself is a kind of iconoclast, deconstructing myths about super-heroes and other esteemed characters. It would be interesting to take “The League” as a template and explore how Alan Moore comments on the subversive elements of Victorian era fantasy.
Filed under Make-Up | Comment (0)Acute Schizophrenia Paranoia Blues- Words I Love
There aren’t a wealth of free sources on the internet of Victorian era slang. In fact I only found one website:
I went through them so you didn’t have to. So, with this post, I will give you some of my favorite slang words of the era (warning, some of them are kinda dirty. Though, I must confess I didn’t find as many curse words as I would have liked!)
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Abbess: Female brothel keeper. A Madame.
Abbot: The husband, or preferred man of an Abbess.
Barkers (Barking Irons): Guns. Pistols, esp. Revolvers.
Beak-hunting: Poultry stealing
Bearer up: Person that robs men who have been decoyed by a woman accomplice.
Beef: (1) Raise hue-and-cry. (2) Thief = Hot Beef! = Stop Thief!
Betty: A type of lockpick
Bit Faker: A coiner. A counterfeiter of coins.
Blackleg: A person who will work, contrary to a strike. In the Colonies they are called Scabs.
Blag: To steal or snatch, usually a theft, often by smash-and-grab
Blooming, Bloody (Blasted, etc.): are forms of profanity not heard in polite company.
Blow: Inform.
Blower: Informer. Also a disrepectful term for a girl.
Bludger: A violent criminal; one who is apt to use a bludgeon.
Cant: A present; a free meal or quantity of some article. Also the creole and jargon spoken by thieves and the “surplus population.”
Cant of togs: A gift of clothing.
Choker: Clergyman. “Gull a choker”
Christen: To remove identifying marks from, to make like new again. “Christen a watch.”
Church: To remove identifying marks from, to make like new again. “Church a watch.”
Didikko: Gypsies; half breed gypsies (r). (From Didikai, a Rom contraction of Dik akai, or “look here”)
Dollymop: A prostitute, often an amateur or a part-time street girl; a midinette.
Glock: Half-wit
Glocky: Half-witted
Gonoph: A minor thief, or small time criminal
Granny: Understand or recognize
Gravney: A Ring
Hammered for life: Married
Haybag: Woman
Haymarket Hector: Pimp, ponce or whore’s minder; especially around the areas of Haymarket and Leicester Squares.
Judy: A woman, specifically a prostitute
Kinchen-lay (Kynchen-lay): Stealing from children
Knapped: Pregnant
Knob: “Over and under” a fairground game used for swindling.
Know life, to: To be knowledgable in criminal ways
Lackin, Lakin: Wife
Ladybird: A Prostitute
Lamps: Eyes
Laycock, Miss (or Lady): Female sexual organs
Mandrake: a Homosexual
Mollisher: A woman, often a villain’s mistress
Mumper: Begger or scrounger
Mutcher: A thief who steals from drunks
Nancy: Buttocks
Nebuchadnezzar: Male sexual organs; “to put Nebuchadnezzar out to grass” means to engage in sexual intercourse.
Nommus!: Get away! Quick! (cb)
Pidgeon: A victim
Ream Swag: Highly valuable stolen articles
Rozzers: Policemen
Ruffles: Handcuffs
Sawney: Bacon
Shivering Jemmy: A half naked begger
Smatter Hauling: Stealing Handkerchiefs
Tail: Prostitute
Tatts: Dice, False Dice
Toff: An elegantly, or stylishly dressed gentleman.
Toffer: A superior whore.
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In the tradition of the Victorian era filth magazine The Pearl (which I mentioned in the last post), I decided to use the language I’ve acquired to write my own dirty limerick, as a tribute to my dear friend, Reverend Patchy. I apologize for the vulgarity, but that comes with the territory:
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Reverend Patchy was a Choker from Dorset
Caught in the stable tying two Toffers’ corsets.
He’d fiddled their misses,
And blagged him some kisses,
But what was worst is what he did to the horses.
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What the heck, here’s one as a tribute to my friend Victoria, also:
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Vicki was an Abbess from Surrey,
whose Judy’s had Lamps that were blurry.
They took a Barker for a willy,
and they died something silly,
so she hired Blacklegs in a hurry.
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Feel free to post comments with your OWN dirty limericks!
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People Take Pictures of Each Other- The Secret Word
Warning, this is a DIRTY post:
I came across an interesting exchange in an interview between the great Groucho Marx and the no-schlub-himself Dick Cavett. It starts about 3 minutes into the interview, HERE:
Groucho laments the dirty state of entertainment (around the late 60s or early 70s), calling it easy and requiring no real talent. Groucho claims that one day entertainment is going to revert back to cleanliness, to which Dick Cavett states, “I think we’re starting to go back into a Victorian age, maybe?”
“Well that wouldn’t be so terrible,” replied Groucho.
“No it wouldn’t be,” said Cavett. “Certainly sex was more desirable then than it is now.”
“No, I wouldn’t say that” Groucho responded with precise comedic delivery.
What’s interesting about Cavett and Groucho’s exchange is that it makes a complex comment on both sexuality, repression, and the Victorian era. To understand Groucho’s old hat ideals for what entertainment should be, you have to understand the era in which he came into stardom. Under the Hays Code of the 1930s, popular filmmakers had to submit to the strict censoring of the time, and thereby gaining a crafty way of touching such issues as sex, violence, and other social taboos.
The Marx brothers were masters at this. While technically clean, they skirted innuendo at every opportunity, and got away with it simply because they conned people into thinking they never did anything wrong. However, with the laxing of clean cut pop-morality and the rise of the counter culture, sex became a more accepted aspect of the mainstream, and with the enactment of the MPAA, movies could now be made without censoring (although sometimes were granted limited admission).
What this has to do with the Victorian Era was that artists of the era had a similar foe to deal with as the Hays Code, and that was the “Society for the Suppression of Vice”. What this did was make to maintain England’s virtue by blocking out anything obscene. Of course, there were such elite publications as The Pearl magazine, but for the general classes such was unattainable, even though its aristocracy didn‘t seem to bear the brunt of such censorship (if you have enough money, you can read whatever you want, I guess).
This was an odd act, considering the illiteracy rates of the middle and lower class. So, even if someone of middle class stature could afford the expensive pornography literature of “The Pearl” magazine or “My Secret Life”, they probably couldn’t read it.
Advances in technology would soon change this…


With the rise of photography, came the rise of the visual pornography. It was in dirty pictures that the common man could now get their hands on something mostly reserved for the elite; and as pornography could now be accessed by the general public, it was an aid in shifting ideas about sex from the strict and repressive Victorian era attitudes on sex. (Sigel)
A similar thing happened in the decade after World War 2. After the years still mired in the Hays Code, America itself was slipped into a Victorian like cleanliness that would soon be rocked by many factors. A small one of which being the increasing popularity of pin-ups which led to the rise and popularity of nudie mags such as Playboy in the 1950s. With the popularity of such entertainment magazines as Playboy, and numerous other social factors, modes of thought about sex began to change from the heyday of Groucho’s cleanliness, to a more “blue era” in popular entertainment. Suppression is a major factor in progression. If there is no convention to brush against, there are no rules of conformity to break. Although one could argue, as Groucho does, that being “dirty” leaves no room for creativity, removing the possibility entirely leaves no place for society to grow. And if Groucho had anything to blame for the dirty entertainment that had contaminated everything at his time of bemoaning, it would be the very thing that brought him to real prominence, “Pictures”.
And, as of this writing, we haven’t gone back to the Victorian Era’s virtuous days. From the looks of it, we never will.
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On a side note unrelated to Victorian matters, no post about naughty pictures at this time would be right without acknowledging one of the touchstone figures of the era that helped to make sex more mainstream in modern times. Of course I am talking about Bettie Page, who passed away this last week. Probably as much as Groucho Marx, or even Elvis Presley, Charlie Chaplin, Marylin Monroe and Mickey Mouse, she is one of the most recognized icons of the 20th century.

RIP Bettie Page
Sources Cited (Not Linked to in text):
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